This article explains public key authentication in general. You may want to see the guide to setting up public-key authentication instead.
Sap Pi Pgp Key Generation System SuccessFactors has included the Managing PGP Keys screen in Provisioning. This screen has two sections that relate to the two keys discussed earlier. Navigate to the PGP Keys tab and then click the Generate button. Enter the following information: Real name - This should be the full name of the key pair owner, e.g. Email - An email address owned by the key pair owner, e.g.
Do not confuse your user key pair used for authentication with host public key verification. Learn about all SSH key types.
Public key authentication is an alternative means of identifying yourself to a login server, instead of typing a password. It is more secure and more flexible, but more difficult to set up.
In conventional password authentication, you prove you are who you claim to be by proving that you know the correct password. The only way to prove you know the password is to tell the server what you think the password is. This means that if the server has been hacked, or spoofed, an attacker can learn your password.
Public key authentication solves this problem. You generate a key pair, consisting of a public key (which everybody is allowed to know) and a private key (which you keep secret and do not give to anybody). The private key is able to generate signatures. A signature created using your private key cannot be forged by anybody who does not have that key; but anybody who has your public key can verify that a particular signature is genuine.
So you generate a key pair on your own computer, and you copy the public key to the server under a certain name. Then, when the server asks you to prove who you are, WinSCP can generate a signature using your private key. The server can verify that signature (since it has your public key) and allow you to log in. Now if the server is hacked or spoofed, the attacker does not gain your private key or password; they only gain one signature. And signatures cannot be re-used, so they have gained nothing.
There is a problem with this: if your private key is stored unprotected on your own computer, then anybody who gains access to that will be able to generate signatures as if they were you. So they will be able to log in to your server under your account. For this reason, your private key is usually encrypted when it is stored on your local machine, using a passphrase of your choice. In order to generate a signature, WinSCP must decrypt the key, so you have to type your passphrase.
This can make public-key authentication less convenient than password authentication: every time you log in to the server, instead of typing a short password, you have to type a longer passphrase. One solution to this is to use an authentication agent, a separate program which holds decrypted private keys and generates signatures on request. WinSCP can use PuTTY’s authentication agent, called Pageant. When you begin a Windows session, you start Pageant and load your private key into it (typing your passphrase once). For the rest of your session, you can start WinSCP any number of times and Pageant will automatically generate signatures without you having to do anything. When you close your Windows session, Pageant shuts down, without ever having stored your decrypted private key on disk. Many people feel this is a good compromise between security and convenience.
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There is more than one public-key algorithm available. The most common are RSA and ECDSA, but others exist, notably DSA (otherwise known as DSS), the USA’s federal Digital Signature Standard.1
To generate a key pair, use the PuTTYgen application.
You can start PuTTYgen directly from Authentication page of Advanced Site Settings dialog. If you start PuTTYgen this way, WinSCP will automatically pick up the generated key.
Different file formats are used to store SSH-2 private keys. WinSCP supports PuTTY format, as authors of PuTTY claim that it is the best one.
WinSCP also recognizes (but does not accept) the other two formats (OpenSSH and ssh.com), and it can convert the keys to PuTTY format for you. To convert the key file you can also use /keygen command-line switch or PuTTYgen application.
- The text is copy of PuTTY User Manual or was inspired by it.Back
Advantco SFTP Adapter and PGP Module for SAP NetWeaver® Help Snohomish County Public Utility District Meet Need for Secure Data Transfer
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Overview
Today, Snohomish County PUD is the second largest publicly owned utility in Washington. They serve about 318,000 electric customers and nearly 20,000 water customers. Their service territory covers over 2,200 square miles, including all of Snohomish County and Camano Island.
Snohomish County Public Utility District No. 1, or the “PUD,” was created in 1936, by a majority vote of the people, for the purpose of providing publicly owned electric and water utility service to the people of Snohomish County and Camano Island. The vote to create the PUD was part of the public power movement in the Pacific Northwest.
In the early years, the PUD was primarily in the water distribution business, beginning operations on January 17, 1946. The Lake Stevens Water System was the first project to be organized and built. Other projects followed, like the Beverly Park Water System and Sunnyside Water System. On September 1, 1949, the PUD became primarily an electric utility with the purchase of the electrical distribution system to serve all of Snohomish County and Camano Island from Puget Sound Power & Light Company.
In the early 1980s, the PUD built its own Henry M. Jackson Hydroelectric Project (a hydroelectric generating facility located on the Sultan River). The PUD also owns a cogeneration facility on the Everett waterfront that burns wood for fuel.
Challenge
With strong industry regulatory compliance demands, increasing pressure from the Department of Defense and Homeland Security, and growing fear from consumers about data protection and general security, the need for secure data transfer at energy and utility companies is more important now than ever before. Snohomish County PUD knew they needed a solution to address these security concerns, but also needed a solution that would complement their existing SAP infrastructure investment.
While their SAP system provided standard File Transfer Protocol, it did not provide Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). To utilize their existing FTP adapter to support SFTP protocols, Snohomish County PUD would have to undergo the very time-consuming and cumbersome task of writing scripts to accomplish that, as well as maintaining/updating those scripts each time they upgrade their SAP system. Snohomish County PUD was not prepared to commit the time and/or resources to do that, and knew that a better option had to be available.
They turned to SAP partner Advantco for help.
Solution
The concept of file transfer is not new. Companies have been doing it for years. But, the demand for a better, easier to use, secure file transfer continues to grow as companies like Snohomish County PUD face pressures on many fronts, both internal and external to their organization. Advantco created a solution specifically for SAP NetWeaver® customers, to address that need for SFTP and the challenges companies face when searching for the right solution.
The solution, which integrates with SAP® applications, provides a secure and managed data transfer alternative to traditional FTP and FTPS. Once implemented, the Advantco SFTP Adapter acts as a client to receive and send data from and to an SFTP server.
After a quick and easy implementation, users at Snohomish County PUD can choose the Advantco SFTP Adapter from their list of available adapters in their SAP integration directory. Since the adapter uses all the existing functionalities of SAP NetWeaver® PI, it delivers the same benefits as the standard SAP adapters, including but not limited to alerting, run-time workbench monitoring and channel monitoring. To address their specific security concerns, Snohomish County PUD can import public and/or private keys for SFTP into their standard J2EE keystore.
Snohomish County PUD can also upgrade to take advantage of the fact that Advantco’s SFTP Adapter complies with the FIPS 140-2 standard to enable use by the U.S. Department of Defense, other federal agencies and their contractors.
To implement and enforce truly secure, end-to-end data security and transmission, Snohomish County PUD chose to complement the Advantco’s SFTP Adapter with the PGP Module for SAP NetWeaver®, also from Advantco. While PGP alone ensures that files are encrypted, and SFTP ensures that the transmission process is encrypted, together the two ensure that all files are completely encrypted from origination to final destination (user). With help from Advantco, Snohomish County PUD was able to leverage this double-layered protection throughout their entire organization, and benefit from a seamless integration with their existing SAP infrastructure.
The Advantco PGP Modules offer PGP/OpenPGP services on data exchanged through the SAP NetWeaver® Integration Server or the PCK. A PGP sender module signs, encrypts, and/or compresses message payloads, while the PGP receiver verifies, decrypts and/or decompresses message payloads.
With native integration with SAP NetWeaver®, the modules follow the SAP NetWeaver® XI/PI Adapter modules standards.Installation of the modules is easy and quick, and can be plugged in behind or in front of any sender/receiver SAP XI/PI adapters, including non-Advantco adapters.The modules also support any data format, including flat files and binary data, and feature a versatile key management system for even more powerful protection.
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Because both the Advantco SFTP Adapter and PGP Module are completely integrated in SAP NetWeaver® and work within the SAP NetWeaver® J2EE engine, the joint solution offers Snohomish County PUD the ultimate platform to ensure secure data transmission for SAP NetWeaver®.
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Results
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“Since we had already made such a significant investment in SAP, and because this solution would impact a number of different business units here at Snohomish County PUD, it was important that this purchase not just be IT decision. It had to be a business decision,” explained Brian Hurlbert, SAP Technical Lead at Snohomish County PUD.
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“The combined Advantco solution has exceeded our expectations. It really was quick and simple to install and because of the native integration with our existing SAP Netweaver®, it is amazingly easy for all business units to use. We are confident that we have obtained the best solution in the market, and that it has helped us address industry demands and consumer concerns about the security of our data,” added Hurlbert.